Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a condition that occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle become narrowed or blocked by a buildup of “plaque.” Over time, blood flow to the heart muscle is reduced, which can cause chest pain. If the artery becomes completely blocked, usually by a blood clot, a heart attack can occur.
New treatment options and earlier diagnoses are helping to decrease the death rate from CAD.
Signs of CAD
Two common signs of CAD are chest pain, also known as angina, and shortness of breath. Both are caused by the reduction of blood flow to the heart muscle. If plaque buildup reduces blood flow only mildly, there may be no noticeable symptoms at rest. But symptoms such as heaviness in the chest may occur with activity or stress.
Other symptoms that may be experienced are:
- Pain in the jaw
- Pain radiating to the arms
- Heartburn
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Heavy sweating
Risk Factors for CAD
Risk factors for CAD are divided into two categories.
Those risk factors you cannot change, called non-modifiable:
- Family history of heart disease (close relatives with heart disease at a young age)
- Sex (male/female)
- Age
Those risk factors you can change, called modifiable:
- Diabetes
- High blood cholesterol
- Smoking
- High blood pressure
- Stress
- Obesity (being overweight)
- Poor diet
- Lack of exercise
Do you have CAD?
To make a diagnosis, your doctor will ask about your risk factors and any symptoms. A physical exam and blood tests will also be completed. Your doctor will want to run one or more additional tests to evaluate the condition of your heart.
From these tests, your doctor is better able to decide the best treatment. Your doctor will explain the risks and benefits of your treatment options and answer any questions you have.
Want more information about CAD?
Learn about treatment options for CAD